what is Intellectual disability by Dr Nadeem Ghayas

July 21, 2024

Intellectual disability (ID), formerly known as mental retardation, is a developmental condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. During the developmental stage, which usually occurs before the age of 18, these restrictions become apparent. Intellectual disability affects cognitive abilities such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning. It can also impact practical skills needed for daily life, such as communication, social skills, and self-care.
The severity of intellectual disability vary from mild to profound. People with mild intellectual disability may be able to live independently with support, while those with profound intellectual disability may require more intensive support and care throughout their lives.
The causes of intellectual disability can be diverse and include genetic conditions, brain injuries, infections, and exposure to toxins or malnutrition during pregnancy. Diagnosis typically involves assessments of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, and early intervention and support services are crucial for optimizing quality of life and developmental outcomes for individuals with intellectual disability.