Causes of Cerebral Palsy

July 31, 2024

Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder caused by various factors affecting brain development,before or after birth.

Prenatal factors are significant contributors, including maternal infections like rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, and herpes. These infections can interfere with normal brain development, leading to cerebral palsy. Additionally, genetic mutations, though rare, can also disrupt the development of the brain and result in this condition. Complications during labor and delivery, such as a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) to the brain, are critical prenatal factors that can cause cerebral palsy.

Perinatal factors, occurring around the time of birth, also play a crucial role. Premature birth, defined as being born before 37 weeks of gestation, significantly increases the risk of cerebral palsy, as does low birth weight. Newborns who suffer from severe jaundice that goes untreated are at risk for brain damage leading to cerebral palsy. These conditions highlight the importance of medical interventions and monitoring during the perinatal period to reduce risks.

Postnatal factors, occurring after birth, can further contribute to the development of cerebral palsy. Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis in the newborn period can cause brain damage. Traumatic brain injuries resulting from accidents or abuse are also significant risk factors. Moreover, strokes in newborns, which restrict oxygen or blood flow to the brain, can lead to cerebral palsy.

Each of these factors underscores the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and medical elements in the development of cerebral palsy.