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Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder Dr Nadeem Ghayas

October 21, 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. It is referred to as a “spectrum” because of the wide range of symptoms and severity levels that individuals with autism can experience.

People with autism often have challenges with verbal and non-verbal,  communication, repetitive behaviors, and difficulties in social situations. Some may also exhibit exceptional abilities in specific areas such as memory or mathematics, known as “savant skills” (American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed.).

The exact causes of autism remain unclear, but research suggests that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role.

Studies indicate that certain genetic mutations or inherited genetic conditions may increase the risk of autism. For example, it has identified links between autism and mutations in genes that affect brain development and neural pathways (Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Volkmar et al., 2005).

Environmental factors, such as prenatal exposure to infections, certain medications, or pollutants, may also contribute to the development of autism, although no single factor has been identified as a definitive cause.

Additionally, complications during pregnancy or birth, such as premature delivery or low birth weight, have been associated with a higher likelihood of developing autism (Bauman & Kemper, The Neurobiology of Autism, 2005).

Understanding autism’s complex causes is an ongoing area of research, but it is generally accepted that autism arises from a mix of genetic predisposition and environmental influences.

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