Three Levels of Autism By Dr Nadeem Ghayas

October 8, 2024

Autism affects the behavior of the person, the world perception, and self-expression of the person. Despite the shared characteristics among autistic, every autistic person exhibits his/her autism differently. The three degrees of autism help healthcare professionals to identify the special needs of a person and prescribe appropriate treatment. These treatments are meant to enable autistic people to ensure they optimize their strengths and improve social, communication, as well as work-related abilities.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) splits the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) into three levels. These levels are manifested by the different levels of assistance that individuals might need. This classification highlights the diversity of the autism spectrum and the needs of each individual in it.

Level 1: Requires Support

At Level 1, the needs of individuals are low, yet communication and social cues might be ineffective. They usually struggle to switch between activities and they might require assistance on how to organize their lives. Although they can conceal their autism, it may impede the ability to access the required support, and some of them can get a late diagnosis.

Level 2: Participates in Substantial Support.

Individuals with Level 2 diagnosis have more social interaction and communication challenges than people with Level 1. They usually possess definite interests and can use conspicuous repetitive actions, e.g., pacing or repeating phrases. These actions are referred to as stimming and they make them cope with sensory sensitivities. They require more support in self-regulation.

Level 3: Very Substantial Support is required.

The people with the Level 3 diagnosis need the most support. They have difficulties in hiding their autism and have severe difficulties in communicating with others and performing daily living activities. Such people can use augmentative communication devices, and they are more prone to neglect and abuse. There are usually few social interactions and they might choose parallel play instead of social interaction.